规则出处
本站推演台里每一条「谁有权扣、扣在哪一侧」的规则,都要能指回一份公开的银行官方文件。下面是全部出处,逐条附原文、链接和查证日期。查证日期:2026-09-21。
一、OUR / SHA / BEN 是什么
这三个三字母代码来自跨境汇款报文里的「费用承担」栏位(SWIFT MT103 报文的 71A Details of Charges)。汇出行在发报文时必须在这一栏里选一个,整条代理行链条按这个值决定谁承担各环节的费用。
说明:SWIFT 自己的 Standards MT Category 1 标准文本(us1m 系列 PDF)在 2026-09-21 实测对未登录访问返回 HTTP 403,本站拿不到该标准原文,因此下面的代码定义全部引自银行的公开客户文件,而不是标准文本本身。这一点如实标注,不做转述补全。
二、代码定义的原文
汇丰银行(香港上海汇丰银行有限公司)《Customer Information Sheet for Outward Payments》
“BEN : Beneficiary to pay all charges”
“SHA : Remitter to pay local HSBC charges and Beneficiary to pay other bank charges”
“OUR : Remitter to pay all charges”
这份客户须知同时写明了两种选择下费用扣在哪一侧:
“Where remitter has selected overseas/other banks charges to be paid by beneficiary: overseas/other banks charges will be deducted from the remittance proceeds”
“Where remitter has selected to pay for overseas/other banks charges: overseas/other bank charges will be collected from the remitter's account.”
本站用到的结构结论:BEN 与 SHA 下,境外环节的费用从汇款本金(remittance proceeds)里扣;OUR 下从汇款人账户另收。
同一份文件:OUR 下的境外费用是「一笔固定预收」
“such charges will include, amongst others, an upfront HKD150 flat fee to cover the correspondent bank fee imposed by the correspondent bank in US.”
本站用到的结构结论:OUR 下汇款人为境外环节付的是一笔预先固定的代理行费,不是按中转行家数逐家累加。这就是本推演台在 OUR 下把「中转行家数」从汇款人支出里剥离的依据 —— 家数从 0 变到 3,OUR 的汇款人支出不变。(上面引用的具体金额是该行自己的价目,本站不收录、不套用到任何其他银行。)
三、为什么「选了 OUR 也不保证全额到账」
汇丰同一份客户须知的附注
“Please note that whether all bank charges would be collected from remitter's account will be dependent on the charge practice of the overseas banks (including correspondent banks and beneficiary banks). At the overseas/other banks' discretion, the charges may be deducted from remittance proceeds or from the remitter's account regardless of the charges options.”
“Additional charges may be levied by overseas/other banks where incorrect, incomplete or unclear information is provided by customers in the instructions. These charges may be deducted from the payment amount or from the remitter's account regardless of the charges option.”
本站用到的结构结论:费用承担方式是一个指示,不是一个保证。境外银行可以按自己的惯例处理,regardless of the charges option。所以推演台在 OUR 下也明确标注「部分中转行仍可能扣费」。
四、中转行为什么会扣、扣在哪
中国银行《汇出境外汇款》业务说明
「为什么收款人收到的款项有时小于原汇出金额?在电汇业务中,当汇出行和汇入行之间互开往来账户时,款项一般可全额汇交收款人。但是,大部分情况是汇出行与汇入行无直接的账户往来,而必须通过另一家或几家银行(即转汇行)转汇至汇入行。每家转汇行在做转汇业务时,都会从中扣收一笔转汇费。这样,该笔电汇款汇交收款人时,就不再是原汇出金额。」
本站用到的结构结论:中转行(转汇行)的数量取决于汇出行与汇入行之间有没有直接账户往来,逐家扣、从经手的款项里扣。这就是推演台里「每多一家中转行,SHA 与 BEN 的实收就再降一级」的依据。
同一页:确定金额到账靠的是「事先预收中转费」
「新增『全额到账服务』,事先锁定并预收中转费,确保汇款本金全额汇达收款人」
本站用到的结构结论:要让收款人拿到确切金额,做法是把中转段的费用事先锁定并预收,而不是事后估算。这与上一条汇丰的「upfront flat fee」是同一个结构。
五、三种方式在银行零售页面上的表述
渣打银行(香港)《Online Overseas Remittance & Telegraphic Transfers》
“If you request the charges to be paid by yourself, the bank will deduct the service fee and minimum HK$250 correspondent bank charges from your account.”
“If you request the charges to be shared with payee, the bank will deduct the service fee from your account, while the correspondent bank charges will be deducted directly from the remittance amount by the beneficiary bank.”
“If you request the charges to be fully borne by payee, both service fee and correspondent bank charges will be deducted from the remittance amount.”
“We recommend selecting all charges to be paid by yourself , as to ensure the full remittance amount will be received by the beneficiary.”
本站用到的结构结论:三段原文分别对应 OUR / SHA / BEN 的扣费落点,与汇丰那份客户须知一致。最后一句是该行对自己客户说的话,本站原样引用,不转成本站的主张 —— 本站不对任何人的汇款方式做取舍。
六、本站没有取到的东西
- SWIFT 官方 Standards MT Category 1 标准文本(71A 栏位的标准定义原文):2026-09-21 实测
www2.swift.com对未登录访问返回 HTTP 403,取不到原文。本站因此不引用 SWIFT 标准的逐字定义,只引用银行公开文件里对同一组代码的说明。 - ISO 20022 官方
ChargeBearerType1Code(DEBT / CRED / SHAR / SLEV)的仓库页面:2026-09-21 实测iso20022.org返回 HTTP 403。本站因此不在站内写这四个代码的定义。 - 任何银行的现行费率表:本站刻意不收录,不是取不到。费率随时会变,抄下来就会过期,抄错还会误导人。推演台里所有数字都由你自己填。